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ISSN 2309-0103 www.archidoct.net
Vol. 7 (2) / February 2020
designer to identify and use emergent features. The design environment affords the designer to continuously and simultaneously frame and solve the problem. Design and implementation coincide in this process of re-framing.
3.3 Overview
The examples are discussed from two perspectives: One perspective is the internal, connected view of the human users which are embedded in them, as the system shapes their experience and affects their consciousness, their behavior and poten- tial. The other is the external and detached view which allows for analysis of system components and of characteristics of specific instances of IS on a technical level.As previously described the characteristics found in the examples can be described in complementary pairs:
Awareness&Guidance
Regarding awareness, all examples contain tight feedback loops which offer confron- tations between intended and actual behavior. In this feedback loop adequate action is continuously validated, and it allows the users to adjust their actions accordingly, matching intentions with results. The userbecomes aware of their relationships to the environment through its actionable properties. All IS implicitly afford guidance through vectors of beneficial action revealed by the interaction.Some examples were attributed to lead to continuous learning, others were explicitly designed to offer guidance through the availability of immediate action opportunities.
Intimacy & Embeddedness
The examples show that IS occur with the user’s body in the loop and become exten- sions of the body. Hence,they let the user proceed at such a natural pace that it allows for a feeling intimacy to emerge. From an outside perspective the user is embedded, and in this embeddedness as temporal, spatial, social and architectural intermediaries dissolve and roles of designer and user overlap.
Mastery & Re-framing
IS are geared for emergence of the psychological flow experience, they thus can help individuals to function at their fullest capacity and to enhance their competence. IS let users act in a mode of direct manipulation, where they are initiators of action and feel in control, gaining confidence and mastery. The problem space is a dynamic re-cre- ation of problem space by framing and solving the problem simultaneously, in a fluid process of continuous re-framing.
4 Conclusions Overview
In this essay IShave been introduced and framed as Cyber-Physical Systems and through the lens of Gibson’s Theory of Affordances, alongside the notions of flow ex-
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Immediate Systems. Human-In-The-Loop Cyber-Physical Systemsthat Embed Design and Implementation in Situations of Use
Christian Friedrich